Neurology Primer: Understanding Nystagmus (329)

 

  Few topics in orthoptics and neuro- ophthalmology instill as much unease as nystagmus. Clinical confusion may be the result of exam findings that are difficult to interpret, coupled with complex and incompletely understood neuroanatomic pathways. Eye movement recordings have allowed definition of 47 types of nystagmus and new insights into their pathophysiology. This neurology primer will include the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, testing, interpretation, and treatment of nystagmus. Dr. Traster walks you through the most clinically relevant forms of nystagmus that you should know for your everyday practice. After completing this course you will be ready to better assess and manage patients ranging from post-concussion, dizziness, motion sensitivity, neck pain/stiffness, headaches, dysautonomia, and more.

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Course Objectives

• Nystagmus
• -Oscillopsia
• -Localizing nystagmus
• -Guidelines for the bedside examination
• -The nystagmus examination
• -Clinical key points
• -Nystagmus with visual dysfunction
• -Nystagmus with intact vision
• -Physiological nystagmus
• -Positional nystagmus
• -Provocative nystagmus testing
• -Congenital nystagmus
• -Infantile nystagmus
• -Latent/Manifest nystasgmus
• -Spasmus nutans syndrome
• -Nystagmus blockage syndrome
• -Acquired nystagmus
• -Acquired nystagmus due to visual loss
• -Vestibular nystagmus
• -Gaze-evoked nystagmus
• -End-point nystagmus
• -Pendular nystagmus
• -See-saw nystagmus
• -Central vestibular nystagmus
• -Downbeat nystagmus
• -Upbeat nystagmus
• -Torsional nystagmus
• -Central positional nystagmus
• -High gain instability nystagmus
• -Vestibular tone imbalance
• -Integrator leak nystagmus
• -Dissociated nystagmus
• -Convergence nystagmus
• -Periodic alternating nystagmus
• -Rebound nystagmus
• -Circular, elliptical and oblique nystagmus
• -Cervical nystagmus
• -Muscle-paretic nystagmus
• -Lid nystagmus
• -Epileptic nystagmus
• -Caloric nystagmus
• -Rotational nystagmus
• -Positional nystagmus
• -Optokinetic nystagmus
• -Drug/toxin induced nystagmus
• -Nystagmus from acoustic neuroma
• -Nystagmus from Wallenberg syndrome
• -Ocular bobbing/dipping
• -Voluntary nystagmus