
What happens to our body during stress?
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A hallmark feature of stress consists of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that is initiated when visceromotor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH) stimulate the release of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) into the bloodstream, which in turn, activates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal gland.
These glucocorticoids that are secreted facilitate catabolic processes throughout the body during stress by increasing energy metabolism and utilization. ‼️ They have effects on cardiovascular output and inhibit “non-essential processes”, such as assume and reproductive functions. It can also alter cognitive and emotional processes relevant to behavioral adaptation.
This paper looks at the connection between the HPA axis and its regulation via the limbic forebrain, specifically in the stria terminalis. 🧠
Radley JJ. Toward a limbic cortical inhibitory network: implications for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses following chronic stress. Front Behav Neurosci. 2012;6:7. Published 2012 Mar 29. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00007
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