• The OKN System: Architecture, Reflexes, and Clinical Significance
  
  • Explore the full neuroanatomical architecture of the optokinetic system, from retinal ganglion cells through the accessory optic system, brainstem, and cortex. Understand why OKN is far more than a bedside reflex and how its dysfunction maps to specific clinical presentations.
• Cortical vs Reflexive OKN: What You Are Actually Testing
  
  • Master the critical distinction between look nystagmus driven by cortical pursuit networks and stare nystagmus generated by subcortical pathways. Learn how instruction, stimulus size, and field of view alter what you measure and how to design assessments accordingly.
• The Seven Longitudinal Levels of OKN Dysfunction
  
  • Navigate a clinically actionable framework organizing OKN dysfunction from retinal and autonomic contributors through brainstem integrators, cerebellar subsystems, and cortical eye fields. Use this model to localize dysfunction and sequence your rehabilitation strategy.

• Cerebellar Mapping: Flocculus, Nodulus, Vermis, and Clinical Findings
  
  • Build a precise working model of cerebellar subsystem contributions to OKN, gaze stability, velocity storage, and postural control. Learn to distinguish floccular from nodular from vermal dysfunction using oculomotor and balance exam findings.
• Visually Induced Dizziness: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Rehab Design
  
  • Understand the neurophysiology underlying visually induced dizziness and PPPD, including visual dependency, velocity storage overactivation, and sensory reweighting failure. Develop structured rehabilitation approaches graded to patient tolerance and complexity.
• Velocity Storage, OKAN, and the Nodulus-Uvula Circuit
  
  • Master the clinical relevance of velocity storage and optokinetic after-nystagmus in diagnosing and treating patients with prolonged visual motion sensitivity. Learn bedside and VOG techniques to assess storage function and targeted strategies to normalize it.
• VOR, OKN, and Visual Vestibular Mismatch Integration
  
  • Examine how the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic system cooperate across the frequency spectrum of head motion. Apply this understanding to clinical cases involving skew deviation, otolithic dysfunction, and aberrant sensory conflict driving patient symptoms.
• OKN Rehabilitation Strategies: Low Tech, VOG, and Virtual Reality
  
  • Build a graduated rehabilitation framework progressing from eyes-closed visualization and bedside OKN through iPad-based stimulation, stationary anchoring strategies, optic flow environments, and full-field virtual reality. Match dosage and complexity to examination findings.
• Post-Concussion Vestibular and Visual Dysfunction
  
  • Address the specific clinical profile of the concussed patient with persistent dizziness and visual motion sensitivity. Integrate OKN assessment, VOMS findings, VOG data, and torsional challenge into a comprehensive neurorehabilitation plan for return to function.
• Clinical Examination Flow, Case Studies, and Practical Application
  
  • Apply the complete visual-vestibular examination sequence in real clinical scenarios through complex case presentations with documented outcomes. Practicals in examination and neurorehabilitation translate neurophysiology into immediate bedside and clinic-ready skill.

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